Method of welding and material for use in practicing method

ABSTRACT

An alloy-steel filler material for arc welding to produce welds of high toughness over a temperature range from -200* F to +200* F and of tensile strength exceeding 100,000 pounds per square inch whose principal alloying components are carbon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molbydenum, vanadium and tungsten, in combination with low phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen and a weld of high toughness over the above temperature range and of tensile strength exceeding 100,000 lbs. per square inch having the above alloying components also in combination with low phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen.

United States Patent.

Heuschkel 1 Apr. 18, 1972 54] METHOD OF WELDING AND 2,704,317 3/1955I-Iummitzsch ..75/12s ux MATERIAL FOR USE IN PRACTICING 3,3 13:32; l i13211)? u ya METHOD 3,118,761 l/1964 Hull ..75/l28 [72] Inventor: JuliusHeuschkel, Irwin, Pa. [73] Assignee: gfitiggllgouse ElectricCorporation, Pittifig g g ?figgi g AtrorneyA. T. Stratton and C. L.Freedman [22] Filed: Nov. 13, 1967 21 Appl. No.: 682,348 [57] ABSTRACTAn alloy-steel filler material for arc welding to produce welds RelatedApphcam" Dam of high toughness over a temperature range from 200 F to[63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 541,899, Mar. 18, +200 F ofstfength F 100,000 Pounds P 1966, abandoned, which is acontinuation-in-part of square Inch whose l p y g components arecarbon!Ser. No. 223,143, Sept. 12, 1962, abandoned, manganese, nickel,chromium, molbydenum, vanadium and tungsten, in combination with lowphosphorus, sulfur, silicon, 521 11.5. c1. ..75/l28 A, 75/128 w, 75/128v, nitrogen and yg and a weld of high toughness over the 139/1961 abovetemperature range and of tensile strength exceeding [51] Int. Cl. ..C22c39/20 100,000 p square inch ng the above y ng m- [58] Field of Search..75/123, 128, 124; 29/504, 196.1 ponems also in combination with low pp r f r, il-

icon, nitrogen and oxygen. [56] References cued 25 Claims, 4 DrawingFigures UNITED STATES PATENTS PATENTEDAPR 181922 3, 656,943

SHEET 2 [1F 4 I80 2 354 :1 o o. ISO o o E; I l o & I40 2 w o z S & I20a] A g 5 ENERGY 4 4 IOO' n: 'BRITTLE FRACTURE 3 E 60 n: m

0.2% YIELD WELD SYMBOLS STRESSUSI) NUMBER u I l2l250 355 0 1 l x l 5 J"200 -IOO 0 I00 200 300 TEST TEMPERATURE (F) FIG. 2.

PATENTEUAPR 18 I972 SHEET 3 CF O O O O 0 O O FIG.3.

PATENTED APR I8 I972 SHEET 4 0F 4 DX278L l I I80 4 I80 200 E70l8ELECTRODE WELD IN CARBON STEEL IO 3 6 D] N! W1 4 P w m W T O/ 4 O/ 0/ IO6 2 1 r O O O O O O O O 0 O 4 2 O 8 6 4 2 w w 6 4 m TENSION 0.2% YIELDSTRESSUOOO PSIIAT +80F FIG.4.

METHOD OF WELDING AND MATERIAL FOR USE IN PRACTICING METHOD Thisapplication is a continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 541,899,now abandoned filed Mar. 18, 1966 which is itself a continuation-in-partof application Ser. No. 223,143

material.

Typically, high-strength material is used for the bulls of submarines. Asubmarine which is required to submerge to a great depth must have ahull capable of withstanding the water pressure at the depth. Inaccordance with the teachings of the prior art, a ferrous material(having a tension yield stress of 80,000 psi) called l-iY-80 steel isused for submarine hulls. But HY-80 steel is incapable of withstandingthe pressure at extreme depths, for example, of the order of 7 miles,without extremes of thickness and weight and it has therefore becomenecessary to develop steels which can withstand these extreme pressureswhile using thinner sections. A material (having a tension orcompressive yield stress of 150,000 psi) called -I-IY-l50 is presentlybeing considered for this use. Application Ser. No. 275,574'frled Apr.25, 1963 now abandoned to Edward T. Wessel, assigned to WestinghouseElectric Corporation, relates to HY-l50.

High strength ferrous materials also have industrial uses. Theavailability of high strength steels would make possible the fabricationof such apparatus as fans and pressure vessels with materials of smallerdimensions than are presently used. Conversely, such apparatus, if madeof higher strength materials, could be operated at higher speeds orhigher pressures than are presently permissible. HY-l50 steel or steelsapproaching I-IY-ISO in tensile properties could serve for the making ofthis apparatus.

With the advent of high strength materials, such as HY-l 50, it hasbecome necessary to provide for the joining of such materials in thefabrication of the apparatus. Such apparatus must withstand the dynamicforces to which it is subjected in use and its ultimate test is not onlyits tensile strength but its durability and its capability forwithstanding shocks and impacts, rapid temperature changes and the like.That is, in evaluating joints of such apparatus the word strength" isinterpreted in its broad sense and not only as meaning tensile strength.It is essential that the joints produced in the fabrication of thisapparatus shall have at least the quality of the highstrength materialitself, not only as to tensile strength, but also as to toughness andductility and it is an object of this invention to provide such joints.

Since this invention concerns itself with strength of mated a1, itappears desirable at the start to describe how welds are.

evaluated in tenns of the strength, interpreted broadly, of the materialfabricated and the present definitions of the various parameters whichserve to measure the tensile strength, toughness, and ductility ofmaterials. In evaluating material for welding and the welds produced,weld metal is deposited which may be derived from an electrode or fillermetal. In evaluating any weld made in the practice of this invention, ablock of weld metal is produced and is subjected to a series of strengthtests. Principally, the tensile properties, the ductility, and thetoughness of the weld metal are detennine d. To determine the tensileproperties, the weld metal is subjected to a tensile stress and thestrain developed by the stress is measured. Stress is expressed asloading force per unit cross-sectional area and strain aslinear-dimension elongation produced by the stress. The tensileproperties are evaluated by determining the stress-strain characteristicof the material. At lower stress the strain is proportional to thestress; at higher stress the strain departs from proportionality and forstill higher stress the material becomes plastic.

The PROPORTIONAL LIMIT or ELASTIC LIMIT is defined as the minimum stressat which the stress-strain characteristic departs from proportionality.

The 2/ 10% YIELD STRENGTH is the stress for which the stress-straincharacteristic departs from proportionality by 2/ l 0 of 1%.

The 5/ 10% YIELD STRENGTH is the stress for which the stress-straincharacteristic departs from proportionality by 5/ l 0 of 1%.

As the tensile load applied to a round specimen is increased, itsdiameter in the region of the stress is reduced.

The ULTIMATE STRESS is the maximum load resisted by the specimen dividedby the original cross-sectional area. The ULTIMATE STRESS is thus anarbitrary magnitude value.

The TRUE FRACTURE STRESS is the load at which fracture occurs divided bythe smallest final area in the region of fracture.

The ductility of the weld metal is evaluated by determining theelongation during the stressing and the reduction in area when thefracture occurs.

The UNIFORM ELONGA'ITON is the percent of increase in length of thespecimen which occurs up to the point of UL- TIMATE STRESS.

After 'the point of ULTIMATE STRESS is reached, the specimen issubjected to the load which had been applied and continues to beelongated until it is ruptured.

The TOTAL ELONGATTON is the percent increase in total length of thespecimen up to the rupture as compared to its original length.

The AREA REDUCTION is the difference between the original cross-sectionarea of the specimen and the final cross section area at the rupturepoint expressed as a percentage of the original cross-section area.

To detemrine AREA REDUCTION, the minimum area of the ruptured specimenat the rupture point is determined. This minimum area is subtracted fromthe original cross-section area and the difference divided into theoriginal cross-section area to arrive at the percentage.

The TOUGHNESS of a specimen is evaluated by measuring the Charpy V-notchimpact values. For this purpose the specimen is V-notched the notchbeing dimensioned to established standards, and is ruptured in theregion of the notch by dropping a weight suspended as a mass from apendulum. The energy required to produce the rupture is measured infoot-pounds. The energy is determined at various temperatures over awide temperature range since the highstrength material is used not onlyat room temperature(+ F) but also at low temperatures, such as occur inouter space and in cryogenic work. The specifications of the Bureau ofShips of the United States Navy demand that the Charpy V- notch energyshall exceed 50 ft.-pounds at +80 F and 20 ft.- pounds at 60 F. Theseare minimal requirements which it is desirable to exceed. Indeed, it isanticipated that the Bureau of Ships specifications will soon demandhigher levels. The minimum levels set in arriving at this invention are60 footpounds at +80 F, and 35 foot-pounds at 60 F. These levels maybeextrapolated linearly from +200F to 200 F. The levels are then inTable IB:

A weld tested at each or at most of the temperatures in Table 1B andshowing impact energies exceeding the listed impact energies at thosetemperatures is a weld highly resistant to the most rigorous mechanicalconditions. A weld showing impact energies exceeding all but one of theimpact energies in the table is a weld having high toughness.

After rupture, the specimen is studied in the region of the rupture andthe proportion of the ruptured area which is brittle is determined.

The BRI'ITLE FRACTURE is the percent of brittle area in the specimenafter rupture as compared to the total ruptured area. BRITTLE FRACTUREis specified in percent at different temperatures in Fahrenheit degrees.

The TOUGIINESS is usually presented graphically. Two.

curves are plotted; one curve showing the Charpy V-notch energy valuesin foot-pounds as a function of temperature and the other showing theBRITTLE FRACTURE percent as a function of temperature. The foot-poundcurve has a plateau which serves for evaluation purposes. In theBRI'ITLE F RAC- TURE curve, the temperature at which the BRITI'LE FRAC-TURE is zero (FI' P) and the temperature at which it is 50% (FATT) areboth used in evaluation.

Customarily, the material is designated in terms of its 2/ 10% YIELDSTRESS. I-IY-80 is a material whose 2/ 10% YIELD STRESS is 80,000 poundsper sq. inch. HY-150 is a material whose 2/ 10% YIELD STRESS is 150,000pounds per sq. inch. To withstand the stresses at the greatest depthssafely the hulls should be fabricated from I-IY-l 50 steel.

It is an object of this invention to provide weld joints for highstrength material having high tensile properties and also having hightoughness throughout the temperature range from room temperature, andabove, to very low temperatures. It is an object of this invention toprovide material for arc welding in the use of which welds having high2/ 10% YIELD STRESS, substantially exceeding 100,000 pounds per squareinch, and also having high toughness over a wide temperature range,manifested by Charpy V-notch energies exceeding the energies in Table [Bat the temperatures on this table, and it is also an object of thisinvention to provide weld metal havingthe above described high tensilestress and high toughness properties.

In arriving at this invention welds were made and evaluated as describedabove. The work plate used was HY-l50 steel having essentially thefollowing composition:

Carbon 0.16 to 0.20% Manganese 0.40 to 0.60% Silicon 0.15 to 0.30%Nickel 3.6 to 4.0% Chromium 1.4 to 1.8% Molybdenum 0.40 to 0.60%Vanadium 0.08 to 0.12% Phosphorus Max. 0.0l% Sulfur Max. 0.010% IronRemainder The welds were made using three different are processes: themetal-inert-gas process, herein called MIG; the tungsteninert gasprocess, herein called TIG; and the manual electrode process. In the MIGprocess, a bare electrode very lightly coated was used as taught byLudwig US. Pat. No. 2,818,353; in the TIG process, a material for arcwelding in the form of a bare clean-surfaced filler wire was supplied;and in the manual process, a flux-coated electrode was used. Theidentified composition bare electrode, filler wire, and core of themanual electrode were comprised of a series of alloys derived fromdifferent melts having different compositions related to HY-ISO.

The melts were 25 pound ingots of two types; vacuummelted high-purityferrous alloys and air-melted alloys remelted in a vacuum. The bulk basefor the ingot was prepurified iron. The ingots were surface cleaned andcropped to sound metal, then hot forged to 1% inch sq. billets and hotrolled to 5/16 inch diameter rods. The rods were mechanically cleanedand cold drawn to V4 inch diameter. One-third of the stock so producedby weight was separated out and cold drawn to 0.062 inch diameter wire.This wire served for auto matic argon-shielded consumable electrode(MIG) arc welding. The remaining two-thirds by weight of the V inchdiameter stock was cut to 14 inch lengths and ground to 3/16 inchdiameter by a surface centerless grinder. One half of the 3/ 16 inchdiameter stock selected at random served as weld material or fillermetal for making welds in an atmosphere of argon in a chamber with anon-consumable (TIG) tungsten electrode. The remaining one-half of this3/ 16 inch diameter stock was extruded and processed into flux coatedstick electrodes. The flux coating was of the low-hydrogen iron-powdertype designated commercially as AWS-ASTM E7018.

In preparing the ingots, the phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, copper (exceptfor two ingots), nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen contents of the materialwere as low as the melting technologists are capable of producing, andin preparing the stock for welding these elements were maintained at aminimum. The actual analyses of the various electrodes produced areshown in Table l.

In Table I the various starting materials used are designated by heatnumbers in the two extreme left-hand columns. There are nine heatnumbers for air-melted ingots; these appear at the bottom of Table I. Incarrying out some of the work, these air-melted ingots were remelted ina vacuum arc-melting furnace. The air-melt heat numbers which werere-melted in a vacuum furnace carry designations having a prefix DX. Thesecond column presents the heat numbers for the vacuum melted materials.The welds made with an argon-shielded consumable electrode aredesignated in the third column under the heading MIG (Metal Inert Gas).The welds made in an argon-filled chamber are tabulated in the fourthcolumn headed TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). The materials used in weldingwith a stick electrode or tabulated in the fifth. sixth, and seventhcolumns which are headed 1, 2.310 correspond with different coatings onthese stick electrodes. The

remaining columns carry the alloying components. In each case theremainder is iron. Heat numbers 7560 and 7561, wire heat numbers DX285and DX288, include substantial quantities of copper, 0.88% and1.86%respectively.

In Table I there are blanks for VM517 to VM54l inclusive for theresidual elements Ti, Cb, Zr, W, Co, Al, Pb, B, Sb, Sn, As, Se, and Znexcept for VM5I9 which has 1.33% cobalt, and heats VM519 and VM520 whichcontain 2.10 and 2.17% tungsten, respectively. The blanks indicate thatthe alloys were not analyzed for these residual components; it wasassumed that these components would be present in the same quantities asmeasured for the other alloys VM5I3 through VM5 l6 inclusive. Thisassumption is justified because the materials used by the majorcomponents of all alloys were the same and it is to be expected thatthese materials would have the same composition of residual components.

The heats of Table I were prepared to meet requested compositions aslisted in Table 1A. Comparison of Tables I and IA shows the residualcomponents in the heats of Table I. These components are in the natureof impurities. In addition, the elements phosphorus, sulfur, silicon(except for heats DX280 to DX403), copper (except for heats DX285, 1%,and DX288, 2%), nitrogen, and oxygen are residuals.

The principal or more important strengthening components of the materialin Table I are carbon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, andvanadium. These materials contribute to the strength of the weld metal.In arriving at this invention it has also been found that copper may beof importance (DX288 Table I) and that tungsten may contribute tostrength.

An essential part of this invention is a recognition of the fact thatthe desired combination of weld metal TENSILE STRENGTH, DUCTILITY, andTOUGHNESS can be obtained by maintaining silicon, nitrogen and oxygencontents of both the electrode, filler metal, and/or core wires (seeTable IA) and of the resulting weld metals at very low levels. It isTABLE IA RMUESTED CGQOSITIONS OF VACUUM-HELTED KEATS O l new In mm M favlcuumw Stick an llircHtttN0. Wading:

' M10 110 l 2 3 C In P 5 SI CU Kl Cr m V N new" 405 859 .02 L1 .m3 .00s.u01 can 3.; 0. L1 no son an 404 358 .10 0.! .tm (m3 (.013 .tm 1.5 u u0.1 can 001 $12 403 057 375 380 J0 12 (.QB (.w (.m (.m3 .0 L0 Ll 0.)(.(ID .033 B 402 350 070 84 091 .15 1.2 (.GB (.03 (.m (.W Z. L0 Ll 0.1(.m .011 Si 401 355 0' 305 002 .10 1.1 (.03 (.03 (.(13 (.03 L5 L0 Ll 06(.003 (001 $5 400 354 378 080 393 .15 Ll (.03 (.m .tm 00 7.! L0 Ll 0.0um (.013 m 399 350 379 087 394 .13 L (.013 (.GB (.03 (.08 L5 L0 L45 0.9(.(D! (.00) 7 434 407 452 454 .1 0. 08 (.w (.m (.m Z. L0 L1 0.] (An! mill 485 408 453 455 .15 1.0 (.w (.03 (.m (.M L5 L0 Ll 0.! (.(XB (AD) 5430 409 4 .l0 Ll (.013 (.03 (.08 (.B La 0.0 Ll 0.0 (.01) W I 1'; L130!523 407 410 487 l0 Ll (.m (.m (.lnl (.w 3.1 0.0 2.2 0.0 (.NJ (.ml LXWSZl 438 411 400 L1 (.03 can (.m (.m 1.3 0.0 L6 0.0 (.01) (.(In 522 439412 489 .(2 Lt (4X8 03 00 (.05 3.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 (.013 00) 58 440 413 4 0.Q 1, (.GB (.a! (.m] (.03 3.) 0.4 Ll. 0. l (.013 (m) 441 414 491 .05 I.C (.u (.m (.m 1.! 0.0 l. l 0. (.01) cm) 55 442 415 492 .05 L1 (.mJ (.m(.m (.m 3.1 0.0 Ll 0.I cm! (.W.) 58 443 410 403 .11 0.0 (.m (.m (.08(.013 3.! 0.0 Ll 0.9 (.0), (.m 91 444 417 494 .02 L) (.m (.m (.m (.(1133.] 0.0 0i. (.m! (,m. 52! 445 418 405 .Q 1 JIB 38 (.m (.m 3.1 0 6 L4 0.l(.m (.00! $2 446 410 496 .0 1., (.m (.m 08 (.m 1.! 0.0 L] (Ll .tm 00 m447 420 497 .0! L3 (.m (.003 (.0!) 1!!! 1.! 0.0 3.0 0. l. (.01) (.m l448 421 490 .l 13 (.m (.m (.013 (.GB 3.] 0.6 2.0 0.0 (.005 00! $32 449422 499 .ll 3.3 (-m (.m (.m (.m 1.] 0.6 L4 0.0 (.013 (.033 B3 450 428500 .ti 1! (.08 (.m (.003 (.013 3.] 0.6 2.0 0.0 (m3 03 53 472 468 501 .m1.3 (.68 (.08 (.m (.m! 1.] 0.6 0. 0.6 (.m) (.03 B5 473 404 502 3.] C(.03 (.m (.m Ll 0.0 0.0 0.9 (.m (.m 536 474 405 503 .CI 2.1 41! (.03 (.m(.08 0.0 0.0 0.0 L3 (.03 (.031 B7 475 406 504 .N 00 (.08 (.03 (m! (.m!0.0 0.0 0.0 L0 (.08 (.013 53! 4'10 407 505 0. (AB (.08 (.013 (.m 0.0 0.00.0 L1 (.071 (.0), 5 477 400 505 .11 Ll (.08 (.08 (.03 cm! 12 00 0.0 L].tm (.013 51) 4'18 400 507 .l 1.1 .0B' Cm (.013 (.m L1. 0.0 0.0 L] (.013(.03 l 470 470 508 .2 LI. .(IB (.m (.03 4!!! 00 0.0 0.0 L (.m) (.013 m5ox m- 42 .u 0.5 .m5 (005 us cm: 2.5 L: 2.0 .m5 .c05 um 1556 0x as 42g511 .u 0.5 .0n5 .m5 0.15 (005 2.5 L5 2.0 .m5 .o05 0.152: T557 DXU. 425509 0. (.m (.03 0.15 (.115 Z L, 2.0 (m5 (.075 L? an ax m 414 .u 0.5 emsca: 0.5 (.015 z; 1.5 u .m5 .005 015a 15 0X 207 429 512 J0 l (.05 (.050.1, (m L L, Z0 .m5 (.015 1.500 1500 one 42-1 510 .u 0.5 .005 .uo5 0.15c005 L5 L5 .005 .m5 1.0 Cu 1m ox 2a 430 51s .1: 0.5 cm .m5 0.15 005 2.5L5 2.0 mos .u05 2.00: 1552 01 m 431 514 .u 0.5 can .ou5 0.15 .005 2.5 L510 .oo5 .m5 10c. "54 0X 3 471 .l0 0. (.03 0.1, 33 7.5 L0 p (.035 (.0050.75"

Double Vacwm-Meltcd:

(1) Induction melted at Releuch but without use at prepurflled iron (2)Arc remelted at Blllrlvllle Air induction melted at Research (r thenvacuum arc remeltedat l-llalrsville also desirable to maintain thephosphorus and sulfur substantially lower than their content incommercial steel. (See Table lA; P and S columns.)

All of the welds leading up to this invention were made with 19353,l-lYl50 steel plate which was grooved. This plate, when treated byheating and quenching, was found to have a 0.2% YIELD STRENGTH of177,500 pounds per sq. inch.

The following Table ll tabulates the parameters, the arc perfonnance,and the weld radiograph of a number of MIG welds. Of these welds 472through 479 were made in a chamber in an atmosphere of argon. In makingthese welds the interpass temperature was 200 F. Table ll shows that asubstantial number of the welds were sound. Specifically, welds numbered400, 405, 402, 401, 436, 437, 439, 443, 446, 448, 399, 438, 442, 444 and447 were sound. Welds with porosity at the ends are regarded as sound.

The following Table III shows the parameters and the data for the weldsmade by TIG process in an argon-filled chamber. Visual observation ofthe welds tabulated in Table I showed all welds to be sound, but whensubjected to radiograph only two of the welds, numbers 413 and 414, werefound to be completely sound. Since most of the defects consisted oflack of side fusion it was detailed technique and not filler materialcomposition that was faulty.

All welds tabulated in Table Ill were made with V4 inch tungstenelectrode. The interpass temperature was between 225 and 250 F. ln allwelds with 22 passes one rod was used for the first 10 passes and twinrods for the remaining 12. In all welds with 16 passes one rod was usedfor the first 8 passes and twin rods for the remaining 8. The welds weremade at the rate of 6 inches per minute using the single rod. and at therule uf5 inches per minute using the twin rods.

caused by the technical difiiculties in using the chamber and not by thelack of feasibility of the process practiced to produce sound welds. Thechamber is sealed off, pumped out, and filled with an inert gas and thenthe weld is produced bead by bead. Any deficiencies in the operation orstructure of the electrode or of the filler wire cannot be correctedduring the welding operation. By adopting the proper technique weldingin a chamber would result in radiographically sound welds.

The parameters and the properties for the welding with a manual or stickelectrode are presented in Table IV.

The pre-heat or inter-pass temperature for making the welds in Table IVwas 125 F. The electrode diameter was 3/16 inch and the welding wascarried out with direct-current, reverse polarity. It is seen thatnearly all of the welds in Table W are sound.

The following Table V shows the tensile data for the MIG welds tabulatedin Table ll. The tests covering the data were carried out with the weldmetal. The data shows that all of the all-weld-metal specimens had a 2/10% YIELD STRENGTH of over 100,000 pounds per sq. inch. In addition,welds 404, 399, 434, 436, 439, and 442 were highly ductile, the totalelongation varying between 13.08 and 17.65 and the area reductionvarying between 39.70 and 63.60. Welds 400, 442, 443, and 477 had a2/l0% yield strength in excess of 150,000 pounds per sq. inch but forthese welds the ductility was lower.

The following Table VI shows the impact data for the weld metal of theMIG welds. The Charpy V-notch impacts are evaluated at +80 F. It is seenthat welds 472 and 474 meet the Bureau of Ships requirement that theCharpy V-notch impact exceed 50 foot pounds, 474 having the highestenergy.

The following Table VIl shows the tensile data for the weld metal of theT16 welds which were made in an argon-filled The defects in the weldsother than 413 and 414 were chamber. The last nine rows cover data takenwith weld metal TABLE \III WELDING DElAILS TIG- BROCESS IN DRY-H)!Original Vacuum 116 Air-Mei! Wire Weld W 10005 Heat No. Heat in. No.Amos Voits inlmin For in. Beads Performance Radiography $14 355 400-41012.0-13.0 6 $060) 16 Good One Void 517 407 405-420 11.0-13.0 b 6 moo 22Good No porosity. Poor fusion :1 sides 51! 408 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 1o 653M 22 Good Many i890 voids $19. 409 405-420 11. 0-13.0 5 1o 6 man 22Good urge voids. poor fusion at sides 53) 410 405-420 11.0-110 S10 6 mm22 Good Poor fusion at sides 521 411 405-420 11.0-13.0 516 6 $3900 22Good Luge voids. Lac! d fusion :1 sides 22 412 405-420 1L0-13.0 S b 6 mm22- Good Led of fusion :1 one piece 523 413 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 1o 6$3931 22 Good Sound 52 414 405-420 11.0-13.0 S in 6 $3911 22 Good Sound52.5 415 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 1o 6 moo 22 Good in of fusion. one side $26416 405-420 11. 0-110 5 in 6 mm 22 0000 Ltd effusion. one side $27 417405-420 11.0-13.0 5 b 6 5m) 22 Good fwo voids. in of fusion If skits $28418 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 h 6 moo 22 6000 Lack of fusion 04 sides 529 419405-420 11.0-11.0 510 6 mm 22 Good One i890 void, lack of fusion ofsides 5!) 420 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 in 6 5m 22 0000 Numerous voids 531 421405-420 11.0-13.0 5 1o 6 $301) 22 Good Lid: of fusion of sides 532 422405-420 11.0-13.0 5 to 6 mm 22 Good Two large voids. lock of fusion 01sides $33 423 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 in 6 $390) 22 Good Lad: of fusion ofsides $34 463 410-420 12.0 5 b 6 $000 16 0000 Lack d fusion It sides $35464 410-420 12.0 5 b 6 $4110 16 Good lid d fusion :1 sides $36 465410-420 12.0 S to 6 $41!) 16 Good 11d: of fusion at sides 53? 466410-420 12.0 5 b 6 soon 16 Good tad of fusion one entire side- 5! 467410-420 12.0 s h a soon 10 Good in a fusion at no 539 468 410-420 17.0 5h 6 sum 16 Good tact 1! fusion of sides 469 410-420 120 S b 6 $4110 16Good Lack of fusion of sides so 470 410-420 17.0 s b s soon 16 Good ondfusion of sides T933 0X w 426 405-420 11.0-13.0 3 h 6 5m) 22 Good urqevoids and loci of fusion at sides 1366 0X 86 428 405-420 11.0-13.0 5 b 6mm 22 Good One imp void and several smell ones 1537 0X 279 425 011.0-13.0 5 b 6 mm 22 Good uroevoids 7550 0X 21! 424 405-420 11.0-13.0 3h 6 moo 22 Good Lock 1! fusion of sides 7959 0X 287 429 405-42011.0-13.0 5 b 6 53m 22 Good Lad d fusion at sides 7560 0X 265 427405-420 11.0-13.0 56: 6 SW0 2 Good Lad: d fusion of sides 7561 0X8! 430405-420 11.0-13.0 566 $3900 22 Good urqevoidsmdieudfusionefsides 7562 0X89 431 405-420 11.0-13.0 3 b6 m 22 0001 Lid! 6! fusion of sides 7554 oxm 471 1 -420 110 s b a soon 16 Good ua a fusion at sides Notes- (1) A11welds made with 1/4" tungsten (2) All welds made in L9353 steel groovedplate (3) Interpass temperature 225-250'F (4) A11 plates with 22 Allplates with 16 passes. 1 rod used for 10 posses, rest 2 passes, 1 rodused for 8 passes, rest 2 (5) 6 inches per min. when using 1 rod, 5inches per min. with 2 TABLE IV WELDING DEJEAIIS MANUAL COVEREDELECTRODES Orig Vacuum Stick Arc Entry m m we Air -Me wire Elec. rmlJoules at m *1 m. W m Amps Volts Wm" P m Buds Ponormana Radiograph W512375 200 23.0-240 8 35250 14 Good No porosity three crock: (transverse)513 376 zoo 23.0-24.0 8 3550 14 Good Slight porosity at ends one crack(transverse! 514 377 200 23.0-24- 8 3550 14 Good Slight porosity at ends515 378 200 23. 0-24. 0 8 3550 14 Good Sound 516 379 zoo 8. 0-24. 0 83550 14 Good Sound 517 452 211-210 24. 0-25. 0 8 31650 13 Good Soundexcept on last layer 518 453 201-210 240-250 8 37650 13 Good Sound $1945 215 23. 5 9. 8 zoom 13 Good Sound 520 487 215 8. 5 9. 8 moo 13 GoodSound 52! 488 215 8.5 9. 8 30920 13 Good Sound 52 489 215 8.5 9. 8 3093013 Good Sound 523 491 215 23. 5 9. 8 30900 13 Good Sound 524 491 215 8.5 9.8 moo 13 Good Sound 55 492 21.5 8. 5 9. 8 3090) 13 Good Sound 526493 215 8. 5 9. 8 309111 13 Good Sound 527 494 215 23.5 9. 8 30900 13Good Sound 528 495 215 8. 5 9.8 30900 13 Good Sound 529 496 215 8. 5 9.830900 13 Good Sound 530 491 215 8.5 9.8 30900 13 Good Sound 531 498 21023. 5 9.6 31850 1.3 Good No porosity three cracks ttransvorsep 532 499210 23.5 9.6. 30850 13 Good Sound 533 503 210 8. 5 9.6 mso 13 Good Sound534 501 210 8.5 9.6 30850 13 Good Sound 535 502 221 225 10 zoroo 13 GoodSound 536 M3 215 8.5 9.8 m 13 Good Sound 537 504 215 8.5 9.8 m 13 GoodSound 538 N5 215 8.5 9.8 moo 13 Good Sound 539 in 220 .22.5 10 29m 13Good Sound 50 517 220 22.0 10 29150 13 Good Sound 541 2! 220 220 1029350 13 Good Sound 7556 011 511 220 8.0 10 350 13 Good Sound 7557 BX279 99 215 8.0 9.8 11950 13 Good Sound 7559 11X 287 512 220 8.0 10 1135013 Good Sound 7560 011 285 510 220 8.5 10 mm 13 Good Sound 7561 01! 288513 220 8.0 10 33350 13 Good Sound 7562 BX 289 514 80 8.5 10 moo 13 GoodSound t2 lnhroas tomomturo 15F. 3| 3/16" 01:. otoctroda used withroverso polarity 0.C. current notes: in All wold; m in 1.9353 moigrowodohto.

TABLE VI IMPACT VALUES FOR WELD METALS MADE FROM HIGH-PURITY ALmYELECTRODES USING AUTOMATIC ARGON-SHIELDED i '1 1 0 I I. JMICH PROCESSVacuum M10 Charpy V-Nolch lmpad Values Melt Wire Weld Energy (Ft. Lbs.at F Listed) Brittle Fracture 11: at F Listed) HeatNo. m. 4201-2101-4010]+32|+so.|+200 4201-80140 [0 1+3: +80 P200 W 507 405 6. 6. 0 24. 0 97 9870 W 508 04 3. 5 16. 5 o 1c) V 512 403 15. 0 28. 5 17. 5 22. 0 28. 0 18.5 601v) (c1 201C) (cl 25 017:! V 513 402 11. 5 13. 0 14. 5 25. 0 24. 544. 0* 95 80 60 50 I1 0 V 514 401 6. 5 12. 0 14. 0 23. 0 22. 0 23. 5 98801v) 60 151d, 0161 V 515 403 Jim 7.0 12.0 24.0 26.0 26.0 98 9010 40 25010 V 516 399 2.0 2.5 4.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 11D 99 97 99 85 65' V 517 434 5.04. 0 7. 0 7. 5 15. 0 19. 0 32. 5 991C) 9511:) 95lc1 90 351d M 25M V 518435 8. 0 5. 0 11.5 15. 0 14. 0 17. 0 22. 0 100 10) 99 95 95 85 Olvl V519 436 7. 0 8. 0 10. 0 19. 5 19. 0 38. 0 50. 0 99 99 90 80(0) I1 5 V520 437 4. 5 6. 0 9. 0 9. 5 14. 0 24. 5 34. 5 991v) 97 99 9510 751d701v) 10 V 521 438 4.5 4. 0 4. 0 5. 5 6. 0 8. 5 38. 0 10117:) 1111M1111M 991C) 95 9810 25 V 522 439 4. 5 4. 0 12. 5 16. 0 21. 0 22. 5 41. 0100 1111 100m 100 98 95 2 V 523 440 8. 5 22. 0 26. 0 28. 5 33. 0 41.049. 0 99(0 95(6) 801C) 7010 (c) 10(0) 010 V 524 441 6.0 6.0 8.5 11.024.0 37.5 44.5 100 99 98 95 81 60 1. V525 442 4.0 1L5 v 8.0 6.0 20.517;0 36.0 97 99 99 '97 M 60 8 V526 443 4.0 6.0 11.0 11.0 23.5 20.0 39.098 95 80 75 40 20 V 527 444 4.0 4.5 5.0 12.0 17.0 25.0 36.5 1111 103 10)11!) 99 20 V528 445 13.2 19.5 27.5 22.0 44.0 40.5 44.0 99 98 95 X1 50 350 V529 446 8.2 9.5 16.0 23.0 29.5 36.0 520 99 X1 80 65 50 0 2. V 530 4473.5 5.5 7.5 10.0 28.0 31.0 11X) 97 99 95 60 Z V 531 448 v V 532 449 13.2 11. 0 19. 5 16. 5 16. 0 27.0 26. 0 80 60 11k) SM 010 Old (Xv) V 533450 11.7 8.0 16.0 17.5 21.0 8.0 20.5 91 9211:) 95 3510 Y 0 0101 Old V534472 6. 2 5. 5 17. 0 23.0 23. 5 50. 0 45.0 99 981d 8011:) 6010 51c) 0M0101 V 535 473 11.5 7. 5 19. 0 20. 0 D. 0 40. 5 9510 98(0) 8010 10 20161Olcl V 536 474 4.5 7.5 9.0 40.0 67.5 825 97 N 97 40 0 0 V 537 475 V 538476 V539 471 9.5 4.5 14.5 18.0 28.5 56.5 I ll!) 75 30 20 5 V540 478 4.03.5 4.5 9.0 12.0 50.0 1G1 100 95- D 70 5 V541 479 3.0 3.5 8.0 7.0 20.098 98 90 i1 70 5 21131.13 VII TENSILE YALIIES FOR WELDS MADE FROMHIGH-PURE! ALLOY FILLER METALS USING ARGON-SHIELDED NONCONSUMABLEELECTRODE (TIG) PROCESS Vacuum 11G Tensile Stresses lpsll Stress RatiosDuclilily (9 Wire Heat Weld Prop. 0. 2"- 0. 51: "mm" True 0. 2 Y 0. 5 YU. l. S. 1. F. S. U. l'. S. Unil. lotal Area No. No. Llmlt Yield YleldFraciure P. L P. L P. L- P. L 2W. 5. E1009. Elong. Reduclion v VM507 359962111 1122111 120000 1351) 21500 1.168 1. 28 1.414 2.235 1.205 3.6 4.8442.31 51! 358 66550 70750 73550 811m 2081!!) L 062 1. 107 1. 218 3. 1.16' 406 18. 96 80. 10 512 357 mm 113400 119701 137503 20181!) 1.0961.158 1. 330 l. 946 L 211 5. 22 11. 38 43. 9) 513 356 mm 1mm 1mm 1mm226600 1.141 1.237 1.54) 1.995 1.350 7.15 12.!)- 11.70 514 355 105203121250 128501 mm mm 1.152 1. 222 1.342 1. 988 1.165 4.52 16. 43 6L 95515 354 11Q50 135501 144111 162000 332501 1.185 1. 262 1. 418 2. 910 1.195 5. 35 20. 43 75. 05 516 353 1m 141m 153110 166601 29621 1.074 1.109 1. 205 2.145 1.120 5. 55 19. 22 68. 60 517 07 124m 142100 149503 mmmm 1.145 1.20) 1. 347 2. 500 1.175 5.54 19. 33 71.111 518 43 mm 159000173601 224250 33671!) 1.190 1. m 1. 682 2. 520 1. 410 9. 68 21.0 47. 33519 09 134250 142m 143m m mm 1. 061 1. 070 1. 234 Z. 241 1.162 8. 91 21.73 64 95 520 410 1mm mm 1410 17621 28410 1.110 1.174 1. 470 7. 360 L 3818. 23 19. 42 54 8) 521 411 110250 11711 123250 1451!) mm 1.171 1. 232 1.453 2. 760 1. 20 5. ll 19. 12 71. N 522 412 mm m 94m 1120!! 22150!1.060 1. (B0 1. 291 Z. 545 1. 216 8. 65 2415 72. 523 413 124111 13741114718!) 16061!) 29250) 1. 11! 1.184 1. 292 2. 360 1. 168 3. 95 16. I!71. 37 524 414 131m 13200 1642111 mm mm 1.162 1. 252 1. 387 2. 360 1.1993.15 16. 20 67. on 525 415 1168 mm 1398!) 15% mm 1.11) 1.201 1. 360 2.615 1. 812 (N 18.85 71.0) 526 416 122601 1m 142m 153m 31350) 1.111 1.1621.250 '2.475 1.110 495 20. 75.9) 527 417 950m mm mm 12400 24150) 1.10)1.175 1. 310 2. 541 1.193 4 35 17. 45 71. on 528 4184 11m 1230) mm135011 26113) 1.118 '1. m l. 220 2. m 1.093 15. N 76. 81 529 419 102750127701 1m 1605M 11520) 1. 20 1. 3G 1. 562 2.970 1. 257 4 58 18. 60 73.35 511 66 mm 1m 1m 1m 2 520) 1.137 1. 203 1. 350 2. 420 1.191 479 17. 9367.01 531 421 120m mm mm 281501 246501 1. 2!) 1. 370 L 832 2. 06 1.09 9.15 9. 15 10. 62 532 Q2 129311 1527111 166201 mm zscooo 1.169 1. 87 L 619l. 935 1. 370 7. 78 1403 24 85 533 423 117701 14411 15420) 17950)291411 1. 202 L 312 1.525 2.) 1. 268 5.18 16.13 56. Q 534 63 1255111146200 15701 1742111 3225M 1. 169 1. 259 1. 392 2 5m 1. M 3. 55 16. 8569.41 535 54 own an 6201 662111 191503 1.062 1.105 1. 519 4 m 1. 42813.50 38.20 88.31 536 466 mm m m 9970) 20000 1.134 1.131 1.202 2.9751.11! 2.20 16.50 82.01 537 66 114811 1258!) 15mm 10am 23am 1. 095 1.1411'. 250 2. 060 1.142 4 4) 18. 95 69. 50 538 $7 3100 am 44111 5750)15451!) 1.114 1.182 1.538 4111 1.378 8.25 23.65 83.37 539 68 1030) 117Mmam 129501 2615111 1'. 136 1. 158 1.250 2. 525 1. 101 5. 85 20. 45 75.80 50 $9 754!) mm 95700 11751 235(0) 1.182 1.270 1. 560 3.115 1.318 7.111 21-95 71. 8) 541 470 1052111 151201 166210 299000 1. 437 1. 31 1.9702.841 1.370 7.31 18. 60 69. 211

TABLE VII TEISILE VALUES FOR HELDS MADE FROM HIGH-PURE! ALLOY 01mmMEIAIS USING ARGON-SHIELDED NONOONSUMABLE ELECTRODE (TIG)PROCESS-Continued Vacuum 116 tensile Stresses (psi) Stress RatiosDuctilit t9 Wire Heat Weld Prop. 0. 2'1- 0. 5 70 "mm" lrue 0. 2 Y 0. 5 YU. 1. S. I. F. S. U. l. S. Unit. Total Area 140, 1401 1.11011 11010 YkidFracture M "111. E PT c100 Elonq. 1100001100 0X2!) 426 102000 119000125011 142400 21% 1.170 1. 2!) 1. 400 2.072 1.1! 6.20 15. 45 49. 70 0X86428 113201 114100 140000 1742111 204100 1.1% 1. 2% 1. $4) 1. 8X1 1. 2%S. 38 T. 40 17.111 0X27? Q5 119000 136801 145410 165201 219000 L 150 L222 l. 391 1.8 1.210 S. 07 12. 64 38. 0 0X2?! 424 134601 1526111 1622111188200 251000 1.135 1. 209 1. 400 1.880 t. 235 6. 60 13. 97 37. 50 0X28?429 115250 1277(1) 134900 151750 2158!) 1.115 1. 170 1. 328 1.883 1.1884. S3 12 X1 46. Q D1085 427 125011 140000 158611) 18861!) 2935M 1.168 L268 1. S13 2. 341 l. 292 5. 43 [L73 $0.10 0x20; 410 13250 100400 11110019651 111200 1.210 l. 310 l. 32 Z 395 l. 25 4. 97 15.70 55. (I) 011289411 111011 140000 151410 1861!!) 315201 1. 2120 1. 292 1.590 2. 692 1.35 6. Z4 18. 45 61. 611 0x03 411 12521!) 151211) 1662111 207501299011) 1. 210 1. 329 1.655 2. 385- 1. 369 4. 9t) 23. 23 42. 20

The following Table VIII presents the impact data for the weld metals ofthe TIG welds. These impact data are an indication of the toughness ofeach of the welds. A study of the energy data at +80 for this weld metalreveals truly amazing results. The impacts in most cases exceed 50 footpounds and 20 in a number of cases, 359, 357, 355, 354, 407, 409, 412,414,

415, 416, 418, 419, 463, 464, 465, and 467, exceed 100 foot pounds. Infact, welds 464 and 467 have an energy of more than 200 foot pounds.Weld 414 has an energy of 107 foot pounds coupled with a 2/ 10% yieldstrength of 152,400

25 pounds per sq. inch. Weld 463 has an energy of 103.5 footpoundscoupled with a 2/10% yield strength of 146.200 991 9951 55 10- TABLEVIII IMPACT VALUES FOR WELDS MADE FROM HIGH-PURITY ALLOY FILLER MET ALSUSING AUTOMATIC ARGON SHIELDED NONCONSUMABLE ELECTRODE (TIG) PROCESSVacuum 11G Chupy V-Notch Impact Values Melt Wire Weld Ener 1y f1. -Lb5.21F Listed) Brittle Fracture H- at "F Listed! 14021140. 141 -1 -00 4010[+12 1W0] +200 4001 401 00} -41 01421001600 W509 159 0.0 10.0 29.0 52.515.0 1105 110.0 1005 100 100 100 90 95 10 25 0 W508 150 2.5 1.0 0.5 1.5140 11.0 50.0 115.0 100 100 a 95 00 15 0 V512 151 10.5 140 11.0 51.050.0 525 1020 100.0 100 100 100 15 15 15 0 0 V513 150 11.0 12.0 140 51010.0 445 91.5 90.0 100 100 90 00 10 50 2 0 V514 155 5.0 14.5 110.0 141.5100.0 151.0 151.0 199.0 100 100 00 10 0 0 0 V515 154 9.5 100 11.0 110.5111.0 101.0 101.5 115.0 100 100 05 00 20 0 0 0 V516 151 1.5 0.0 11.019.5 41.5 00.5 110.5 100 100 101 100 99 99 90 0 V519 411 5.0 19.0 42.590.5 144.5 1540 111.5 140.0 100 100 90 45 12 5 0 0 V518 4B 240 21.5 25.510.5 10.0 42.5 41.5 41.0 95 90 15 00 25 t0 0 0 V519 419 11.0 11.0 no 12550.0 100 1100 111.5 100 100 90 90 15 15 5 0 V520 410 11.5 110 11.0 42001.5 045 01.0 99.0 100 99 '41 05 45 0 z 0 V521 411 45 15.0 12.5 22.541.0 6.0 00.5 91.5 100 100 100 99 05 45 15 0 V522 412 9.5 19.5 11.0 05.0141.5 141.5 101.0 99 15 90 00 55 0 0 0 V523 411 12.0 11.0 11.0 10.5 05.509.5 90.0 99.0 100 100 91 95 41 01 15 0 V524 414 9.5 19.5 11.5 52.5 000000 101.0 105.5 100 90 00 55 10 0 0 0 V525 415 19.5 20.0 045 02.5 140.0141.5 129.0 111.0 90 91 55 41 0 0v 0 0 V520 410 10.0 14.5 90.5 05.5 1250151.5 16.0 ms 100 100 00 15 0 0 0 V527 411 19.0 102.5 505 99.5 01.5 1900100 05 95 50 15 0 V520 410 11.0 21.0 3.5 21.0 1100 01.5 1140 150.5 100100 99 91 05 05 10 0 V529 419 11.0 55.5 119.0 119.5 115.5 141.5 151.0100.0 99 90 6 15 25 5 2 0 V580 420 0.5 9.0 21.0 540 42.0 140 00.0 109.0100 100 100 90 90 95 6 '2 V531 421 11.0 140 145 22.5 20.5 29.5 15.5 41.095 95101 92 00 25 0401 0101 V532 422 15.0 11.0 11.0 1.0 41.5 51.5 50.051.0 95 90 05 o 10 0 0 0 V533 421 10.0 21.5 20.0 510 6.5 01.0 00.0 005100 101 05 109:1 '20 2 2 04:1 V534 401 245 11.0 242 15.0 101.5 91.5 10005 01 20 2 0 V535 404 20.0 1.5 221.0 219.2 219.1 219.4 101 101 0 0 0 0V536 400 0.0 0.5 10.0 12.0 121.0 221.0 100 101 00 00 25 0 V539 400 405.0 1.5 51.5 51.5 01.0 99 101 91 41 45 15 V538 I 5.5 1.0- 0.5 45 211.1219.0 100 10) 101 101 0 0 V539 400 45 0.0 5.0 1.0 20.5 119.5 99 90 90 956 0 V540 409 0.5 1.0 1.5 20.0 11.5 1100 101 100 100 91 15 11 V541 4702.0 45 10 29.5 25.0 25.0 100 101 99 00 11 00 1111200 420 40 40 0.5 1.0145 140 100 100 91 95 01 15 1310186 420 40 14.5 05 0.0 9.0 10.0 1014:)100 101 99 m 95 1111299 45 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 140 100, 101 1011 100 9995 1115 78 424 40 40 5.0 0.5 1.5 11.0 100 90101 100 100 90 90401 11x20!429 1.5 10 5.0 5.5 0.0 125 100 100 90 99 95 90 0x2 421 10.0 11.5 11.5240 15.5 5.5 10.0 19.5 100 a 91101 954:1 05 50 01 0 112 8 410 21.5 11.029.0 41.0 41.0 51.0 50.0 01.5 05 15 20 5 0 0 11112011 411 9.0 11.0 20.011.0 410 440 49.5 109.5 99 90 95 92 90 00 0 0x403 411 5.0 00 1.0 1.015.0 20.0 100 99 91 95 00 05 All following values in this column 1051151at 400? Table VIIIC Heat No. V529 V525 V520 Weld No. 419 415 Hi lComposition (WTZ) Filler Weld Filler Weld Filler weld Wire Metal WireMetal Wire Metal 0.000 0.068 0.11 0.12 0.068 0.072 Mn 1:56 1.57 1.3"1.37 3.75 3.85 Strengthen- Ni 3.32 3'. ll 3.28 v 3. 41 3.28 3. 82 ingElements Cr 0.05 0.05 0.68 0.65 0.65 0.68 Mo 2.67 2.65 1.23 1.23 1.251.15 V 0.11 0.11 0.81 0.82 0.01 0. 85

P .0005 .0009 .0006 .0009 .0005 .0007 S .0010 .008 .0019 .002 .0017 .002Si .007 .02 .021 .039 .013 .03 Residual Cu .0005 .009 .0010 .006 .0010.008 Elements N .0013 .0036 .0000 .0003 .0007 .0027 0 v .0016 .0008.0018 10006 .0020 .0007

weld Metal Properties (As Deposited) Prop. L101 (.01!) 102750 .116200131000 +80"? .21 Yield 127700 131 100 152 100 Tensile .55 Yield 138000139200 16 4200 Strength Ultimate 160500 158000 181400 (ps1) Fracture305200 300000 309000 Minimum +80F Unit. Elong. 1.58 0. 0 3.15 ifgTensile- Total Elong. 18.60 18.85 16.20 Ducztliity Area Red. 73.35 71.0067.00

+200"? 160 117 106 82 +80% 153 129 107 60 +32"? 1 1'42 80 51 Charpy 0?116 1 16 86 V-NOflfl'l 120 82 52 38 Energy --80? 1.19 6H 38 3l (Ft-Lbs.)-160F S6 20 20 16 -200F 71 20 10 9 Table VIIIA below is a composite oftables vu and vm with the heats, and corresponding welds, tabulated inorder of 0.2% yield strength except for the special welds DX289, DX285and DX288. The other special welds, DX280, DX286, DX279, DX278, DX287,are not included because their properties are poor as a result of theaddition of special elements Ti, Zr, Co, and Al.

Heats DX285 and DX288 in this table are special heats including copperand substantial silicon and DX289 includes cobalt and substantialsilicon. These elements are shown by Tables VII and VIII to have abeneficial effect obscuring the harmful effect of the silicon. It iscontemplated that the invention based on the effects of these elementsafter further study, will be claimed in a continuation-impart of thisapplication and no rights to the teaching as to the efi'ects of theelements cobalt and copper are waived.

Table VIIIB is a table similar to Table VIIIA but presenting the data ofTable VIIIA as related to the weld metals.

In Table VIIIB the strength-of-material data (third through ninthcolumns) are the same as for Table VIIIA; but the composition data(tenth through twenty-third columns) are for the corresponding weldmetals and is, therefore, different.

A statistical analysis, with the aid of computers, based on Tables VII,VIII and VIIIA shows that the 0.2% YIELD STRESS, Y, of the weld metalproduced by TIG welding is given by the following equation as a.function of the critical components of the weld filler wire, includingsilicon:

Y 6740 215, 184C 12893 Mn 487, 216 Si 15,

154, 334 (Si) 36,358 Cr 34,039 (Cr) 34,296 Mo 4,732 (Mo) 85,795 V 33,713(V) 10,590 Ni 11835 W wherein C. Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, V, Ni, and W are,respectively, the weight percentages of carbon, manganese, silicon,chromium, molybdemun, vanadium, nickel, and tungsten in the weld fillerwire. Where Y must exceed 100,000 pounds per square inch substantiallythe alloys must be so selected as to meet this condition. But this alonedoes not yield a weld metal resistant to severe mechanical disruptiveforces. It is necessary in addition that the alloy content be such thatthe impact energy limits of Table 18 at the various temperatures beexceeded. This invention arises from the discovery of an alloy andresidual element content of the material for welding and of the weldmetal which meets both conditions.

Welds 419, 415 and 414 of Table VIIIA have 2/ 10% YIELD STRESS exceeding100,000 pounds per square inch substantially (127,700 psi) and CharpyV-notch energies exceeding those presented in Table [B at the respectivetemperatures in Table VIIID shows therange of composition of the alloyand residual components corresponding to Table VIII C. The slant linemay be read through." The remainder is iron in each case.

As shown in Table VlllD a material for arc welding in a low nitrogen,low-oxygen surrounding is provided in accordance with this inventionwhich has substantially the following compositions in weight percent.

Carbon 0.06 to 0.1 l Manganese 1.34 to 3.75 Nickel 3.28 to 3.32 Chromium0.45 to 0.68 Molybdenum 1.23 to 2.67 Vanadium 0.11 to 0.81 Iron (andresiduals) Remainder Among the tiller metal residuals the content ofnitrogen is between 0.0004 and 0.0013 and of oxygen between 0.0016 and0.0024.

As shown in Table VlllD high-strength, high-toughness, welds havingsubstantially the following composition in weight percent are providedin accordance with the invention:

Carbon 0.068 to 0.12 Manganese 1.37 to 3.85 Nickel 3.41 to 3.42 Chromium0.45 to 0.68 Molybdenum 1.15 to 2.65 Vanadium 0.11 to 0.82 Iron (andresiduals) remainder The silicon, oxygen and nitrogen contents of thesewelds is small; silicon 0.02 to 0.039%, nitrogen 0.0003 to 0.0036% andoxygen 0.0006 to 0.0008%. Silicon content is influenced, in this case,by the plate composition (0.15 to 0.30%). Oxygen content is lowered inthe weld metal as a result of reactions with the superheated metallicelements.

Nickel content ranges are narrow in both the tiller metals and in theweld metals because the three heats, having the proper balance of otherelements, were all of the same requested nickel content. (Heat VM524,525 and 529 in Table IA).

Another aspect of this invention arises from the observation thatcertain of the weld metals failed to meet the limits of Table IE only atone of the nine temperatures at which the impact data derived. The dataon these welds and weld metals are presented in the following TableVIHE.

The individual items of impact data which fail to meet Table 1B areunderlined. With certain qualifications, it is concluded that VlIlEgives the compositions of material for welding and welds having hightensile strength and high toughness. The compositions may be determinedby considering not only Table VlIIE but also the reasons why theremaining materials and welds of Tables VIIIA and W118 do not meet morethan one of the limits of Table 1B. This can be seen from the followingTable VlllF.

Table VlllF shows in the third column the number of impact tests whichwere lower than the limits of Table 1B for each of the weld metals. Theother columns show the significant content of components which causedthe failure. For example,

V507 failed because its Mo was high, V508 because its carbon was low,V514 was marginal (two failures) and it failed because its nickel waslow. V518 had excessive carbon (.19).

Based on Table VlllF, it appears that V515 and V517 are marginal at lowtemperatures, like V514, and should not be considered in determining thelimits of the components of the filler material and weld metal. On thisbasis the limits, derived from Table VlllE, of a material for weldingand of weld metal are presented in Table VlllG.

TABLE VIlIG Element Wire Weld C 0.011013 001010.13 Mn 09513.76 03713.73Ni 2.641500 17214.67 Cr 0.051103 0.011/1.08 Mo 1.10/2.48 I 03012.38 V0.0051088 0.017/0.91 W 0.02/2.17 0.02/1.56 P 00005100008 (LOWS/0.002 S00013100023 000210.005 Cu 0.0003/0.0017 000710.011 Si 001410.03600210.05 N 00002100012 00014100026 0 00008100044 00005100029 As shown inTable VIllG a material for arc welding to produce high-tensile-strength,high-toughness welds having the following composition in weight percentis provided in accordance with this invention.

Carbon less than .01 to .13 Manganese .95 to 3.76 Nickel 2.64 to 5.00Chromium less than .05 to 1.03 Molybdenum 1.10 to 2.48 Vanadium lessthan .005 to .88 Tungsten less than .02 to 2.17 Iron and ResidualsRemainder The lower limit of the tungsten above is derived from TableVlllA. This alloy is low in silicon, nitrogen and oxygen. The vanadiumover the above ranges is in addition limited by the condition that inthe above equation for Y, the 0.2% YlELD STRESS, the componentpercentages must be such that Y substantially exceeds 100,000 psi, Yshould be greater than about 120,000.

As shown in VIllG a high tensile-strength, high-toughness weld isprovided in accordance with this invention having the followingcomposition in weight percent:

Carbon 0.010 to 0.13 Manganese 0.97 to 3.73 Nickel 2.72 to 4.67 Chromium0.011 to 1.08 Molybdenum 0.80 to 2.38 Vanadium 0.017 to 0.91 Tungsten0.02 to 1.56 lron and Residuals Remainder The silicon, nitrogen andoxygen in this weld is low as shown by Table VlllG.

The minimizing of the phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, nitrogen, and oxygenin the material for welding and in the weld is of importance in thepractice of this invention.

The following Tables IX and X, respectively, present the tensile dataand the impact data for the stick electrode welds. While some of thesewelds had high tensile strengths, and a few exhibited good tensileductility, none was tough as measured by the Charpy V-notch tests ofTable IV.

That high strength, coupled with the high toughness and high ductility,may be achieved only by minimizing residual

2. The material of claim 1 consisting essentially of the followingcomposition in weight percent: Carbon about 0.06 Manganese about 1.56Nickel about 3.32 Chromium about 0.45 Molybdenum about 2.67 Vanadiumabout 0.11 Iron Remainder.
 3. The material of claim 1 consistingessentially of the following composition in weight percent: Carbon about0.11 Manganese about 1.34 Nickel about 3.28 Chromium about 0.68Molybdenum about 1.23 Vanadium about 0.81.
 4. The material of claim 1consisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent:Carbon about 0.068 Manganese about 3.75 Nickel about 3.28 Chromium about0.65 Molybdenum about 1.25 Vanadium about 0.41.
 5. A weld havinghigh-strength and high-toughness over a wide temperature rangeconsisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent ofmain components: Carbon about 0.068 to 0.12 Manganese about 1.37 to 3.85Nickel about 3.41 to 3.42 Chromium about 0.45 to 0.68 Molybdenum about1.15 to 2.65 Vanadium about 0.11 to 0.82 Iron Remainder and havingresidual components including 0.0007-0.0009 percent phosphorus,0.002-0.008 percent sulphur, 0.02-0.039 percent silicon, 0.0003-0.0036percent nitrogen and .0006-.0008 percent oxygen.
 6. The weld of claim 5consisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent:Carbon about 0.068 Manganese about 1.57 Nickel about 3.41 Chromium about0.45 Molybdenum about 2.65 Vanadium about 0.11 Iron Remainder.
 7. Theweld of claim 5 consisting essentially of the following composition inweight percent: Carbon about 0.12 Manganese about 1.37 Nickel about 3.41Chromium about 0.65 Molybdenum about 1.23 Vanadium about 0.82.
 8. Theweld of claim 5 consisting essentially of the following composition inweight percent: Carbon about 0.072 Manganese about 3.85 Nickel about3.42 Chromium about 0.68 Molybdenum about 1.15 Vanadium about 0.45.
 9. Aweld material for producing welds having high-strength andhigh-toughness over a wide temperature range consisting essentially ofthe following composition in weight percent: Carbon less than 0.01 toabout 0.13 Manganese about 0.95 to 3.76 Nickel about 2.64 to 5.00Chromium less than 0.05 to about 1.08 Molybdenum about 1.10 to 2.48Vanadium less than 0.005 to 0.88 Tungsten less than 0.02 to about 2.17Iron Remainder and having among its residual components 0.014 to 0.036silicon, the said weight percents in addition satisfying the equationY - 6740 + 215, 184C + 12893 Mn + 487, 216 Si - 15, 154, 334 (Si)2 -36,358 Cr + 34,039 (Cr)2 + 34,296 Mo - 4,732 (Mo)2 + 85,795 V - 33,713(V)2 + 10,590 Ni + 11835 W where Y is the 0.2% YIELD STRENGTH and is atleast 100,000 pounds per square inch and C, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, V, Ni, and Ware the weight percent of carbon, manganese, silicon, chromium,molybdenum, vanadium, nickel and tungsten respectively.
 10. The materialof claim 9 consisting essentially of the following composition in weightpercent: Carbon about 0.10 Manganese about 2.2 Nickel about 5.0 Chromiumabout 1.0 Molybdenum about 1.1 Vanadium about 0.3 Silicon IronRemainder.
 11. The material of claim 9 consisting essentially of thefollowing composition in weight percent: Carbon about 0.01 Manganeseabout 3.69 Nickel about 3.30 Chromium about 0.58 Molybdenum about 1.55Vanadium about 0.10 Silicon about 0.014.
 12. The material of claim 9consisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent:Carbon about 0.13 Manganese about 2.70 Nickel about 2.64 Chromium about1.03 Molybdenum about 1.31 Vanadium about 0.11 Silicon about 0.02. 13.The material of claim 9 consisting essentially of the followingcomposition in weight percent: Carbon about 0.13 Manganese about 1.28Nickel about 3.34 Chromium less than 0.05 Molybdenum about 2.48 Vanadiumless than 0.005 Silicon about 0.014.
 14. The material of claim 9consisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent:Carbon about 0.11 Manganese about 0.95 Nickel about 3.28 Chromium about0.65 Molybdenum about 1.18 Vanadium less than 0.88 Silicon about 0.036.15. The material of claim 9 consisting essentially of the followingcomposition in weight percent: Carbon about 0.027 Manganese about 3.76Nickel about 3.32 Chromium less than 0.05 Molybdenum about 1.26 Vanadiumabout 0.21 Silicon about 0.017.
 16. A weld of high-strength and hightoughness over a wide temperature range consisting essentially of thefollowing composition in weight percent: Carbon about 0.010 to 0.13Manganese about 0.97 to 3.73 Nickel about 2.72 to 4.67 Chromium about0.011 to 1.19 Molybdenum about 0.80 to 2.38 Vanadium about 0.017 to 0.91Tungsten less than 0.02 to 1.56 Iron remainder the said weld having0.0005-0.002 percent phosphorus, 0.002-0.005 percent sulphur, 0.02-0.05percent silicon, 0.0014-0.0026 percent nitrogen and 0.0005-0.0029percent oxygen.
 17. The weld of claim 16 consisting essentially of thefollowing composition in weight percent: Carbon about 0.040 Manganeseabout 2.37 Nickel about 4.67 Chromium about 1.07 Molybdenum about 0.80Vanadium about 0.12 Iron Remainder.
 18. The weld of claim 16 consistingessentially of the following composition in weight percent: Carbon about0.010 Manganese about 3.73 Nickel about 3.35 Chromium about 0.69Molybdenum about 1.18 Vanadium about 0.11.
 19. The weld of claim 16consisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent:Carbon about 0.10 Manganese about 2.52 Nickel about 2.72 Chromium about1.08 Molybdenum about 1.05 Vanadium about 0.11.
 20. The weld of claim 16consisting essentially of the following composition in weight percent:Carbon about 0.13 Manganese about 1.27 Nickel about 3.34 Chromium about0.011 Molybdenum about 2.38 Vanadium about 0.017.
 21. The weld of claim16 consisting essentially of the following composition in weightpercent: Carbon about 0.11 Manganese about 0.97 Nickel about 3.49Chromium about 0.69 Molybdenum about 1.15 Vanadium about 0.91.
 22. Theweld of claim 16 consisting essentially of the following composition inweight percent: Carbon about 0.028 Manganese about 3.65 Nickel about3.38 Chromium (less than 0.05) Molybdenum about 1.09 Vanadium about0.22.
 23. The weld material of claim 1 wherein residual components areincluded in the composition, said residual components includingphosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and silicon, the content in weightof each of said last-named residual components bEing as follows: P -<0.0005 to 0.0006 S - 0.0014 to 0.0019 N2 - 0.0004 to 0.0013 O2 - 0.0016to 0.0024 Si - 0.007 to 0.021.
 24. A weld produced with the material ofclaim 1 and having high-strength and high-toughness over a widetemperature range; said weld consisting essentially of the followingcomposition in weight percent of main components: Carbon about 0.068 to0.12 Manganese about 1.37 to 3.85 Nickel about 3.41 to 3.42 Chromiumabout 0.45 to 0.68 Molybdenum about 1.15 to 2.65 Vanadium about 0.11 to0.82 Iron Remainder and having residual components including smallquantities of phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen.
 25. Aweld produced with the material of claim 9 and having high-strength andhigh toughness over a wide temperature range, said weld consistingessentially of the following composition in weight percent: Carbon about0.010 to 0.13 Manganese about 0.97 to 3.73 Nickel about 2.72 to 4.67Chromium about 0.011 to 1.19 Molybdenum about 0.80 to 2.38 Vanadiumabout 0.017 to 0.91 Tungsten less than 0.02 to 1.56 Iron Remainder andhaving residual components including small quantities of phosphorus,sulphur, silicon, nitrogen and oxygen.